{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-68445", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-07-30T09:28:09.394Z", "datePublished": "2026-08-12T00:07:36.230Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T22:45:09.706Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T22:45:09.706Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable\n\nvc4_gem_object_mmap() rejects a writable mapping of a validated shader\nBO, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set. Userspace can map the BO read-only and\nthen turn it writable with mprotect().\n\nValidated shader BOs must stay read-only: the validator checks the\ninstructions once and the GPU trusts them afterwards. A writable\nmapping lets userspace rewrite the code after validation, bypassing the\nvalidator.\n\nClear VM_MAYWRITE on the read-only path so the mapping cannot be\nupgraded, as i915 already does for its read-only objects."}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local access to the vc4 DRM render node (/dev/dri/renderD*) to issue VC4_CREATE_SHADER_BO, VC4_MMAP_BO, mmap/mprotect and VC4_SUBMIT_CL; there is no remote or network-facing path to this code.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls every step: create a shader that passes validation, map it PROT_READ, upgrade it with mprotect(PROT_WRITE), rewrite the instructions and submit. There is no race, no memory-layout dependency, and it works on the default configuration of any VC4 (Raspberry Pi) system.\nPR:L - VC4_CREATE_SHADER_BO, VC4_MMAP_BO and VC4_SUBMIT_CL are all DRM_RENDER_ALLOW ioctls, so an ordinary unprivileged user with render-node access (the default for logged-in/graphical users on Raspberry Pi and embedded VC4 devices) can perform the whole sequence. No capability check is involved.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs the entire sequence itself; no action by another user or administrator is needed.\nS:U - The vulnerable driver and the compromised resource (kernel/system memory) are both under the kernel's security authority; this is a standard local kernel privilege escalation rather than a VM or hypervisor boundary escape.\nC:H - Post-validation rewriting of shader code lets the GPU, which has no IOMMU on VC4, read arbitrary system memory via texture, uniform and direct-addressed TMU lookups \u2014 exactly the disclosure the validator exists to prevent, giving arbitrary kernel memory read.\nI:H - Unvalidated QPU code can use the VPM write address register in general-purpose DMA mode to write to arbitrary physical addresses, an arbitrary kernel-memory write primitive that yields full privilege escalation and code execution.\nA:H - The same arbitrary DMA writes and unbounded shader execution readily corrupt kernel structures or hang the GPU, causing kernel panics or a full system hang triggerable at will by an unprivileged user."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/vc4/vc4_bo.c"], "versions": [{"version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "lessThan": "9f0ee411fc2d76333d6087c5862ffa907cf7a175", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "lessThan": "019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "lessThan": "6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "lessThan": "fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "lessThan": "0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/vc4/vc4_bo.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4.5", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.148", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.101", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.42", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1.6", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.2-rc5", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.148"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.101"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.42"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "7.1.6"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "4.5", "versionEndExcluding": "7.2-rc5"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f0ee411fc2d76333d6087c5862ffa907cf7a175"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087"}], "title": "drm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/vc4/vc4_bo.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"lessThan": "9f0ee411fc2d76333d6087c5862ffa907cf7a175", "status": "affected", "version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7", "status": "affected", "version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838", "status": "affected", "version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff", "status": "affected", "version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "versionType": "git"}, {"lessThan": "0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087", "status": "affected", "version": "463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"defaultStatus": "affected", "product": "Linux", "programFiles": ["drivers/gpu/drm/vc4/vc4_bo.c"], "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "vendor": "Linux", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "4.5"}, {"lessThan": "4.5", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.6.148", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.12.101", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "6.18.42", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "7.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.1.6", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "7.2-rc5", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable\n\nvc4_gem_object_mmap() rejects a writable mapping of a validated shader\nBO, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set. Userspace can map the BO read-only and\nthen turn it writable with mprotect().\n\nValidated shader BOs must stay read-only: the validator checks the\ninstructions once and the GPU trusts them afterwards. A writable\nmapping lets userspace rewrite the code after validation, bypassing the\nvalidator.\n\nClear VM_MAYWRITE on the read-only path so the mapping cannot be\nupgraded, as i915 already does for its read-only objects."}], "id": "CVE-2026-68445", "lastModified": "2026-08-13T23:17:38.003", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-08-12T00:17:44.860", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9f0ee411fc2d76333d6087c5862ffa907cf7a175"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Received"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: drm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable", "id": "2514448", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2514448"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-179", "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\ndrm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable\nvc4_gem_object_mmap() rejects a writable mapping of a validated shader\nBO, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set. Userspace can map the BO read-only and\nthen turn it writable with mprotect().\nValidated shader BOs must stay read-only: the validator checks the\ninstructions once and the GPU trusts them afterwards. A writable\nmapping lets userspace rewrite the code after validation, bypassing the\nvalidator.\nClear VM_MAYWRITE on the read-only path so the mapping cannot be\nupgraded, as i915 already does for its read-only objects.", "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's `drm/vc4` component. This vulnerability allows a local user to bypass security validation for shader code. By manipulating memory permissions, an attacker could modify shader instructions after they have been deemed safe, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution."], "name": "CVE-2026-68445", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_nvidia:", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux for NVIDIA 26"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "rhcos", "product_name": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4"}], "public_date": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-68445\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-68445\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026081257-CVE-2026-68445-00a0@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87,9f0ee411fc2d76333d6087c5862ffa907cf7a175)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87,019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87,6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87,fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87,0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "4.5"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,4.5)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.6.148,7.0.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.101,6.13.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.42,6.19.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.1.6,7.2.0)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[7.2-rc5,*)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "created": "2026-08-12T16:45:05.985342+00:00", "updated": "2026-08-14T01:00:05.199716+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}